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ANTONYMS A word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other. 1. Busy ___X___ lazy, inactive 2. Dark ___X___ light, bright 3. Brave ___X___ fearful, coward 4. Open ___X___ closed, hidden 5. Show ___X___ hide, conceal 6. Useful ___X___ useless, waste 7. Bold _____X___ shy, timid 8. Expand ___X___ contract, precise 9. Friend ___X___ enemy, foe OPPOSITES WITH "PREFIXES" im + proper = improper in + ability = inability mis + judge = misjudge mis + understand = misunderstand ir + regular = irregular un + important = unimportant dis + belief = disbelief dis + appear = disappear etc. DIS~ agree _____X___ disagree comfort _____X___ discomfort continue _____X___ discontinue encourage _____X___ discourage allow _____X___ disallow loyal _____X___ disloyal obey _____X___ disobey connect _____X___ disconnect honest _____X___ dishonest like _____X___ dislike IM~ mature _____X___ immature partial _____X___ impartial p...

SYNONYMS One of two or more words or expressions of the same language that have the same or nearly the same meaning in some or all senses. Match the following words in the list "A" with their meanings given in the list "B" _____A ____________B ________ANSWERS 1. Treasure _________a. dress ______1 - h 2. Nice ____________b. useless _____2 - d 3. haunt ___________c. cruel _______3 - j 4. feeble ___________d. pleasant ____4 - o 5. stain ____________e. fine _______5 - m 6. crook____________ f. take no notice of __6 - l 7. attire ____________g. discover ____7 - a 8. pretty ____________h. wealth_____ 8 - e 9. in vain ___________i. deeply religious ___9 - b 10. ignore___________ j. visit a place often _10 - f 11. hamlet ___________k. exact ______11 - n 12. savage ___________l. dishonest ____12 - c 13. detect ___________m. dirty marks __13 - g 14. accurate _________n. a small village __14 - k 15. pious ___________o. weak ________15 - i SOME MORE EXAMPLES ABILITY ______capab...

CONJUNCTIONS MADE EASY A conjunctin is a word or phrase which link two words, phrases or clauses. Co-ordinating : and, but, for, or, also, yet, still, either...or, neither...nor, both....and, not only.....but also, as well as, etc. Sub-ordinating : though, although, because, since, as, that, while, unless, even if, after, neverethe less,lest, in case, so....that, as if, as long as, what, where, when, why, which, how, who, whom, whose, etc. Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions The boy is intelligent —————lazy. A. and ___B. or ___C. because ___D. but It can be white, black————grey. A. but ___B. and ___C. nor ___D. or The man is short tempered ———— people like him. A. but ___B. yet ___C. and ___D. so She is not only intelligent————industrious. A. but also ___B. but ___C. also ___D. and also The question looks ———— it is difficult. A. but ___B. yet ___C. and ___D. so I did my homework ———— then went out to play. A. but ___B. yet ___C. and ___D. so Sarabhai knew ———— space sci...

FIGURES OF SPEECH A figure of speech is a deviation from the ordinary use of words, so that the effect of the words is heightened. When figurative language is introduced it contributes powerfully to increase understanding. SIMILE A definite expression of a likeness between objects of different kind or species. It is usually introduced by words of comparison such as, ‘like’, ‘so’, and ‘as’ e.g., World is like a stage. He is as swift as wind. METAPHOR A metaphor is an implied simile or comparison. It is a figure of speech in which hidden comparisons between two objects of different kinds, having at least one point in common. Here the comparison is not openly expressed or stated and it has to be inferred. e.g., All the world is a stage -In which all men and women are merely players. Tippu was the tiger of Mysore. PERSONIFICATION This is a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are spoken of as if they are alive ( having life and intelligence). e.g., Death leaped on the beautiful dee...

PREPOSITIONS MADE EASY A preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show in what relationship the person or thing denoted by it stands in relatin to something else. Prepositions indicate relationship in time and space. Simple Preposition : Simple prepositions are single syllable words. These words show : Location : at, by, in, on, near Direction : to, from, down, through, out, up Asssociation : of, for, with, like Compound Preposition: Compound prepositions are two syllable words. e.g., about, above, across, after, along, amidst, among, around, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, inside, outside, within, without, etc. Phrase Preposition : Phrase prepositions are groups of words functioning as prepositions. e.g., according to, along with, away from, becasue of, by reason of, by means of, by virtue of, for the sake of, in accordance with, in addition to,in comparision to, in course of, in favour of, in front of, in in lieu of, in order to, i...

CHANGE OF EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES INTO ASSERTIVES A sentence that expresses strong feelings of mind ( of joy, sorrow, surprise, wonder, pain or fear) is called an "Exclamatory Sentence’. These sentences are given for conversion into Assertive. Placing the Subject in the opening of the sentence followed by its verb and complements these sentences are changed into Assertives. How stupid of him to say that! Ans.: It is very stupid of him to say that. How clever she is ! Ans.: She is very clever. How wise you are! Ans.: You are very wise. What a sweet fragrance! Ans.: It is indeed sweet frangrance. How intelligent Narendra was! Ans.: Narendra was very intelligent. What a powerful concentration of mind Narendra had! Ans.: Narendra had a very powerful concentration of mind. What an extraordinary soul Ramkrishna was! Ans.: Ramakrishna was really an extraordinary soul. How kind Dr. Sarabhai was to his employees! Ans.: Dr. Srabhai was very kind to his employees. What a fine spinner Chandras...

DEGREES OF COMPARISON Positive Degree : Adjectives without comparison e.g., good, long, short, heavy, clever, intelligent, beautiful etc. Comparative Degree : Adjectives used to compare two persons / things. better, longer, shorter, heavier, cleverer, more intelligent, more beautiful Superlative Degree : Adjectives used to state the best of all other persons or things compared. e.g.,best, longest, shortest, heaviest, cleverest, most intelligent, most beautiful e.g., Jagannath is a fat man. (No other man is as fat as Jagannath.) Surendra is fatter than Raju. Siddesh is the fattest of all others. This is a difficult problem. (No other problem is as difficult as this.) This is more difficult than all other problems. This is the most difficult of all the problems. Smitha is a beautiful lady. Sushmitha is more beautiful than Smitha. Geethanjali is the most beautiful of all the three young ladies. Iron is a useful metal. ( No other metal is as useful as iron.) Iron is more useful than any ...

SPOKEN ENGLISH MADE EASY Hello Friends, Happy New Year. Here is an opportunity to grab and learn your favourite topic "Spoken English". Bedre Manjunath 9448589089

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PARAGRAPH AND STORY WRITING Construction of paragraphs or stories on the given outline is a very good exercise to bring out the student’s imagination and capacity to write in simple language. While writing the paragraph / story follow the outline given carefully. Do not omit any point. Keep to the order in which the points are given in the outline. Be careful to connect the points given in the outline naturally so that the whole willbe read well as a connected piece of good composition. You must use your imagination in filling the details of action, gesture and conversation that should connect one point with the next. If you are asked to supply a heading or title to the paragraph or story, you may choose the main character, object or incident of the story or a proverb or well-known quotation that suits the story. See that your composition is grammatical , idiomatic and in good simple English. Revise your work, and if necessary, rewrite it until it is as good as you can make it. Please ...

COMPREHENSION MADE EASY Read the passage / story quickly to get the general ideas. Read it again slowly to know the details. Study the questions thoroughly. Turn to the relevant portion of the passage / story . Read them again and write neatly in your own words. Answer in complete sentences. If the questions require one word answer then you can give the one word answer. Answers should not be lengthy. If you are asked to give the meaning of any word you should expess the ideas as clearly as possible in your own words. If you are required to give a title or heading to the passage/ story, you can name it either after the main character,object, incident mentioned in the passage, or after some saying or proverb illustrated by the passage. Give a suitable title. SOME EXAMPLES SWAMI VIVEKANANDA He was a stranger in that land and had not anticipated the difficulties he had to undergo. Insults were heaped on him by unthinking Americans. But through the kindness of a few people he was able to be...

ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION A person who loves money and hates spending it, is a A. spendthrift ______ B. miser ______C. philanthropist ______D. capitalist. The family was known for its wealth and greatness of heart . The word that can be used in the place of the underlined phrase is: A. generosity ______B. courage ______C. affluence ______D. prestige One word for ‘a person who has been appointed or selected to attend a conference’ is: A. ambassador ______ B. delegate ______C. representative ____D. messenger A person who is slow in learning is termed as: A. dullard ______B. bad ______C. lazy ______ D. dunce. A book with blank pages on which pictures or paper cuttings are stuck is known as a: A. plain book ______B. paint book ______C. drawing book ______ D. scrap book. A FEW MORE EXAMPLES A silly person _____________Goose A person who lives a wandering life ________ Vagabond Social position or rank _____________________Status Someone who knows a lot about the subject ___Scholar Deeply re...

DIRECT SPEECH & INDIRECT SPEECH MADE EASY When we use the exact words of the speaker, it is called the "Direct Speech." When we report the speech in our own words, it is called the "Indirect Speech" or "Reported Speech". RULES We have to incorporate FOUR major changes while tranforming a Direct Speech sentence into an Indirect Speech sentence. 1. Change of Reporting Verb: Reporting verb, i.e. the verb outside the inverted commas, has to be changed depending upon the sentence within the inverted commas. (TheTense of these verbs doesn’t change.) If the sentence within the inverted commas is "Assertive" the reporting verb (said) changes as : told, replied, answered, stated, declared, narrated, described, communicated, reported etc. If the sentence within the inverted commas is "Interrogative" the reporting verb (said) changes as : asked, questioned, enquired, inquired, interrogated etc. If the sentence within the inverted commas is ...